People in Afghanistan are voting for a new president in what will be the nation's first ever transfer of power through the ballot box.
Turnout is reported to be brisk despite heavy rain and worries over security.
A massive operation is under way to thwart the Taliban who have vowed to disrupt the election.
Eight candidates are vying to succeed Hamid Karzai, who is barred by the constitution from seeking a third consecutive term as president.
Large queues
Heavy rain was falling in Kabul early on Saturday and BBC correspondents said young voters in particular were defying the conditions and the security threats.
Many women are taking part in the polls, although not in the same numbers as men.
"I'm not afraid of Taliban threats, we will die one day anyway. I want my vote to be a slap in the face of the Taliban," Kabul housewife Laila Neyazi told AFP.
The biggest military operation since the fall of the Taliban in 2001 has been rolled out for the vote, says the BBC's David Loyn in the Afghan capital. All 400,000 of Afghanistan's police and soldiers were said to be on duty for the election.
Traffic was prevented from entering the Afghan capital from midday on Friday, with police checkpoints erected at every junction.
However, in parts of the capital voters could be seen queuing an hour before polls opened and there is a good-natured, almost carnival atmosphere, with many people on the streets, our correspondent reports.
The BBC's Karen Allen in northern Afghanistan says that large queues also formed there as people waited to cast their ballots. One young voter told our correspondent he had defied his father's warning not to vote because of the threat of violence.
However, some polling stations in the provinces of Herat in the west and Kapisa, north-east of Kabul, were closed because of a combination of the bad weather and security risks.
There were also reports elsewhere of several polling centres not receiving ballot materials in time and of ballot papers running out at some stations.
All 400,000 Afghan police and soldiers have been deployed to provide security for voters
The vote was taking place amid heavy rainfall in Kabul, which was devoid of traffic
Many women have been turning out to vote, including here in the northern city of Mazar-i-Sharif
However, international observers are increasingly optimistic that both the tight security and a number of new guarantees against fraud will make this a fairer election than Afghanistan has seen before, our correspondent says.
Afghans have been barred from sending text messages until polls close at 16:00 (12:30 GMT) on Saturday to prevent the service from being used for last-minute campaigning.
But there are still concerns about ballot stuffing and "ghost" polling stations as well as the fact that the number of election cards in circulation appears to be vastly more than the number of registered voters.
On Saturday the interior ministry said two police were arrested in Wardak province for stuffing ballot boxes.
Strong resolve
There are eight candidates for president, but three are considered frontrunners - former foreign ministers Abdullah Abdullah and Zalmai Rassoul, and former finance minister Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai.
Dr Abdullah has fought a polished campaign, Dr Ghani has strong support among the new urban youth vote and Dr Rassoul is believed to favoured by Hamid Karzai, our correspondent says.
However, no candidate is expected to secure more than the 50% of the vote needed to be the outright winner, which means there is likely to be a second round run-off on 28 May.
In the latest in a string of deadly attacks that marred the lead-up to the election, award-winning German photographer Anja Niedringhaus was killed and veteran Canadian reporter Kathy Gannon was injured when a police commander opened fire on their car in the eastern town of Khost on Friday.
Video of the scene of the attack shows bullet holes in the rear doors of the car
The run-up to the historic poll has been the bloodiest since the fall of the Taliban, says the BBC's Lyse Doucet.
The heavily-guarded interior ministry, the main compound of the Independent Election Commission and the popular five-star Serena Hotel have all been attacked.
In many parts of the country donkeys have been deployed to take ballot boxes to remote areas
The election is a major logistical challenge for the authorities, with some areas only accessible on foot
Associated Press journalists Anja Niedringhaus (left) and Kathy Gannon were accompanying election workers in Khost when they came under attack on Friday
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